It was possible to denounce this document only by warning about it two years in advance, "to give the other party time to take action as it sees fit".
If this peace is violated by any third power, then the monarchs pledged “without seeking or concluding new alliances, first come to an agreement among themselves in order to agree on the course of action that should be held together”. Gorchakov to Vienna, which resulted in the signing of an agreement on a convention with Austria-Hungary at the Schönbrunn Palace, which was subjected to "friendly pressure" from Bismarck.Īs noted in the document, the purpose of this alliance was "to consolidate the peace that now prevails in Europe" and "to postpone the possibility of a war that could break it." For the sake of this, Emperors Alexander II and Franz Joseph promised each other that no matter what disagreements between them occurred in the future, they would not cause a violation of European peace. The union was initiated on May 25, 1873, during the visit of the Russian Emperor Alexander II and Foreign Minister A.M. Since 1871, I have been looking for the closest means of insuring myself against this struggle in the alliance of the three emperors., - Bismarck noted on this occasion. “If monarchist governments do not show an understanding of the need to unite in the interests of the state and social order, but submit to the chauvinist feelings of their subjects, then I am afraid that the forthcoming international revolutionary and social struggle will take even more dangerous forms and that the victory of the monarchical system will be more difficult. Not the last role in the creation of the “Union of Three Emperors” was played by the need for the last European strongholds of the monarchy to resist the revolutionary movement that was gaining strength in Europe. Russia, in turn, also had reasons to seek an alliance with Austria, since the emerging Austro-German rapprochement posed a potential threat that Russian diplomacy intended to prevent by a Russo-Austrian agreement. the possibility of a new war with France forced the Germans to take care to avoid a war on two fronts. Meanwhile, Germany, in the person of its "Iron Chancellor" Bismarck, was also not averse to acquiring an ally in the person of Austria-Hungary, but at the same time did not want to aggravate relations with Russia, because. And Austria-Hungary, defeated by Prussia (1866), having abandoned the idea of revenge, hoped to find a powerful ally in the newly formed German Reich in case of a clash with Russia in the Balkans. Petersburg towards rapprochement with Germany.
At the same time, there was an aggravation of Russian-English relations in Central Asia and the desire of Russia to get out of the political isolation in which it found itself after the defeat in the Crimean War, which inevitably pushed St. The conclusion of the "Union of the Three Emperors" took place in difficult conditions, when Prussia had just defeated France and, having reunited the fragmented German lands, proclaimed the creation of the German Empire (1871). Petersburg and in Berlin, they recalled the words of the Prussian king Friedrich Wilhelm III: "Let Prussia, Russia and Austria never be separated, first of all, for their agreement is the cornerstone of the great European union." The conservatives rejoiced and glorified the birth of an alliance of three powerful conservative empires.Īt first glance, this alliance gave the impression of a renewed Holy Alliance of 1815, but the situation in Europe was already fundamentally different. Gorchakov, while in Germany, this agreement was regarded as a major success for Chancellor Bismarck. In Russia, the conclusion of the alliance was considered a triumph for the head of the Russian Foreign Ministry, A.M. M., "White City", 2001.ġ40 years ago, on October 11 (old style) 1873, the “Union of the Three Emperors” was created - Alexander II, Wilhelm I and Franz Joseph I - which became the highest stage in the political rapprochement between Russia and Germany and Austria-Hungary. Petersburg, 1995Ĭhronology of Russian history.
At the same time, the translation into the Gregorian calendar is not done, because it did not exist. In chronological tables describing the periods before the introduction of a new style by Pope Gregory XIII, (in the column DATES) dates are in the Julian calendar only. * To compare the events that took place in Russia and Western Europe, in all chronological tables, starting from 1582 (the year the Gregorian calendar was introduced in eight European countries) and ending with 1918 (the year Soviet Russia switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar), in the column DATES are indicated date according to the Gregorian calendar only, and the Julian date is shown in brackets along with a description of the event. In Central Asia, carried out by him until 1885.
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